2 Thomas L. Gais and Michael J. Malbin, "What Happens After the Law Is Signed? State Campaign Finance Reform and Administrative Resources," Center for Legislative Studies, Rockefeller Institute of Government (Albany, NY); prepared for the Council on Governmental Ethics Laws Annual Conference, Sept. 18-20, 1995.
3 Jesse Drucker, "Will Elections Board Ever Join the 1990's?, "New York Observer Dec. 26, 1994-Jan. 2, 1995, 1.
5 The Council of State Governments, "State Trends & Forecasts," Vol. 2, No. 1 (April 1993).
6 Dr. Ronald D. Michaelson, "Campaign Finance Update: Litigation and Legislation," report to the annual conference of the Council on Governmental Ethics Laws, Washington, D.C., Sept. 18, 1995.
7 Buckley v. Valeo , 424 U. S. 1, 66-67 (1976).
8 "Common Cause State Issues Brief: Campaign Finance Reform," April 1994, p. 24.
10 Federal Election Commission, "Campaign Finance Law '94" (Washington, D.C.).
13 A complete copy of the COGEL model law may be obtained by contacting the Council of State Governments, P.O. Box 11910, Lexington, KY 40578-1910, or by calling 1-800-800-1910. The price is $20 per copy.
14 See Buckley , 424 U.S. at 51.
15 Common Cause/Maryland, press release, "State Contributions Limits Violated; Law Goes Unenforced," August 8, 1995.
16 Tom Stuckey (Associated Press), "Computers needed to enforce limits on campaign donations," The Washington Times, August 13, 1995, A10.
17 The Washington Public Disclosure Commission's World Wide Web address is http://www.wa.gov/pdc.
18 The Federal Election Commission's World Wide Web address is http://www.fec.gov.
19 The Seattle Ethics and Elections Commission's World Wide Web address is http://www.pan.ci.seattle.wa.us/seattle/ethics/ethics.htm.
20 The San Francisco Registrar's World Wide Web address is http://sf95.election.digital.com/.
21 See for a discussion of expenditure reporting.
22 Connecticut Secretary of State Miles Rapoport.
23 When developing its filing software, officials at the New York City Campaign Finance Board debated whether the software should permit filers to enter information that appears to be in violation of the law. The decision of the Board was to allow the filer to enter the information but warn him that he may be breaking the law. The filers therefore have the same autonomy as if they were submitting paper reports, but with the advantage of being put on notice of potential violations.
24 On the Road to Reform: Campaign Finance in the 1993 New York City Elections, Volume I, New York City Campaign Finance Board, September, 1994, p. 61.
26 For more on electronic public access, see Chapter Two.
27 Louis D. Brandeis,
"What Publicity Can Do," Other People's Money, Chapter 5
(1932), p. 92.